VPP is a relatively new yet appealing idea that requires extensive study in order to be implemented. This paper offers a systematic overview of the literature on various VPP meanings, elements, and their relationships. An analysis of various optimization strategies seeks to enhance either the VPP structure or the VPP operation under consideration.

The food for special medical purpose (FSMP) market growth can be attributed to the growing prevalence of metabolic diseases, growing consumer unhealthy lifestyle, and surge in demand from emerging economies such as Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, Latin America, and others.

Increasing demand from aerospace segment is one of the major reasons behind this market growth. The cost of carbon fibres is directly proportional to the cost of precursor raw materials from which they are obtained.

A higher demand for medical electronics such as pacemakers, defibrillators, drug-releasing pumps, hearing aids, diagnostic equipment etc. is providing the coating industry with some significant market opportunities. The manufacture of lower priced devices which are produced in higher volumes (for example personal health monitors) is continuing to be moved offshore to take advantage of the lower cost of production.