Owing to the rise in the number of war threats and injuries, the market for safety features, such as crash avoidance systems, traction control, electronic stability control, tire pressure monitors, airbags and telematics, are in demand worldwide.

Major investments have been made by companies in the cancer diagnostics industry in the past few years to develop novel tests to capitalize on the opportunities in the untapped market.

Vibration, displacement, and mechanical sources (including biomechanical and electrostatic) comprise the most diverse and the most potent of all energy sources. Solar and PV energy harvesting is advanced in comparison to the harvesting of other sources in terms of the technology’s maturity and commercialization. Aggressive price reductions by stakeholders will play a role in the sustenance of leadership and a faster-than-average growth rate.

VPP is a relatively new yet appealing idea that requires extensive study in order to be implemented. This paper offers a systematic overview of the literature on various VPP meanings, elements, and their relationships. An analysis of various optimization strategies seeks to enhance either the VPP structure or the VPP operation under consideration.