Chapter 1 Executive Summary
1.1 Market Review: Growth to 2013 Will Be Low
1.2 Cephalosporin’s Class Leads the Market
1.3 Aims, Scope and Format of the Report
Chapter 2 Introduction to Bacterial Infections
2.1 Bacteria: An Introduction
2.1.1 Bacteria Classification
2.1.2 What is Bacterial Infection?
2.1.3 Bacterial Invasiveness
2.1.4 Bacterial Toxigenicity
2.1.5 Bacterial Virulence
2.1.6 The Factors that Govern the Transmission of Bacterial Disease
2.1.7 Clinically Important Bacteria
2.2 Bacterial Disease Statistics
2.2.1 Infectious Diseases - Major Cause of Deaths Worldwide
2.2.2 Risk Factors for Bacterial Infections
2.2.3 Re-emergence of Infectious Diseases - A Major Global Threat
2.3 Definition of Antibacterials
2.4 The History of Antibacterials
2.4.1 The Discovery of Penicillin
2.4.2 Early Use of Penicillin
2.4.3 Penicillin Resistance
2.4.4 Discovery of Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol & Tetracycline
2.4.5 Antibacterial Effects
2.5 The Leading Antibacterials
2.6 The Principal Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterials
2.6.1 Antibacterials as Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
2.6.2 Antibacterials as Cell Membrane Inhibitors
2.6.3 Antibacterials as Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
2.6.4 The Effects of Antibacterials on Nucleic Acids
2.7 Antibiotics as Competitive Inhibitors
2.8 Antibacterial Classification by Chemical Structure
2.8.1 Penicillin
2.8.2 Semisynthetic Penicillins
2.8.3 Carbapenems
2.8.4 Cephalosporins
2.8.5 Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones
2.8.6 Tetracyclines
2.8.7 Aminoglycosides
2.8.8 Sulphonamides
2.8.9 Macrolides
2.8.10 Glycopeptides
2.8.11 Oxazolidinones
2.9 Broad-Spectrum vs Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics
Chapter 3 The World Market for Antibacterials 2008-2013
3.1 The Global Antibacterial Drug Market Will Decline During 2008-2013
3.2 Pfizer Currently Leads the Antibacterials Market
3.3 Cephalosporins to Continue Their Domination of the Antibacterials Market Despite Negative Growth
3.4 Miscellaneous Class Will Display High Revenues During 2006-2013
3.5 Levaquin is Currently the World’s Leading Antibacterial Agent – But will it Last?
3.6 Patent Expiry Will Reduce Growth Rates
3.7 Prescriptions for Antibiotics in the Developed World Are Falling
3.8 Pharmaceutical Companies Accept that Future Antibacterial Blockbuster Drugs Will Be Increasingly Rare
3.9 Generic Drugs Are Not Necessarily Cheap
3.10 Competition in the Antibacterials Drug Market to Become Increasingly Intense
Chapter 4 The World Market for Cephalosporins, 2008-2013
4.1 Cephalosporins Will Suffer From Patent Expiration
4.2 Abbott's Omnicef Currently Leads the Cephalosporins Market
4.2.1 Omnicef Will Lose Dominance in This Class to Maxipime
4.3 Rocephin Will Decline in Growth
4.3.1 Rocephin Already Suffers From Generic Competition
4.4 Maxipime Sales Will be Affected by the Loss of Patent Protection
Chapter 5 The World Market for Fluoroquinolones, 2008-2013
5.1 Increased Competition Will Lower Revenues Among the Fluoroquinolones
5.2 Fluoroquinolones Linked With Side Effects
5.3 Will J&J's Levaquin Still Dominate the Fluoroquinolones Market After Patent Expiration?
5.3.1 Levaquin Faces Generic Competition
5.3.2 Levaquin Approved for Urinary Tract Infections and Acute Pyelonephritis
5.4 Avelox Will Exhibit Steady Growth
5.4.1 Head-to-Head Study Finds Avelox to be More Effective in Patients with CAP
5.4.2 Avelox Monotherapy as Effective as Combination Therapy in Patients With Severe CAP
5.4.3 Avelox Monotherapy as Effective as Multi-Dose Combination Therapy in Patients With cIAI
5.4.4 Bayer Warns Doctors on Rare Avelox Side Effects
5.5 Ciproxin Will Decline in Growth
5.6 Cravit Will Gradually Decline in Sales
Chapter 6 The World Market for Broad Spectrum Penicillins, 2008-2013
6.1 Penicillins Will Retain Their Niche Despite a Marked Decline in Sales
6.2 Can GSK’s Augmentin Overcome Generic Competition?
6.2.1 Why Will Augmentin's Revenue Drop?
6.3 Tazocin Will Decline in Sales
Chapter 7 The World Market for Macrolides, 2008-2013
7.1 The Macrolides Will Face Decreased Growth
7.1.1 Macrolides: Possible Extra-Infectious Indications May Expand the Market
7.1.2 The Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides May Aid Revenue Growth
7.1.3 Macrolides May Have a Clinical use in Other Chronic Lower Airway Diseases
7.2 Abbott’s Klacid/Biaxin Leads This Market
7.2.1 Klacid/Biaxin Suffers From Generic Competition
7.3 Zithromax Faces Negative Growth
7.3.1 Pfizer Petitions FDA to Recall Generic Azithromycin Products to Correct Misbranding
7.4 Can Azithromycin PFIZ Recover Revenues Lost From Zithromax?
Chapter 8 The World Market for Carbapenems. 2008-2012
8.1 Carbapenems Will See High Growth
8.2 Merck & Co’s Zienam Leads This Market
8.3 Merrem Exhibits Strong Growth
8.3.1 Merrem Receives FDA Approval for Complicated Skin Infections
Chapter 9 The World Market for Miscellaneous Antibacterials, 2008-2013
9.1 Miscellaneous Antibacterials Will See High Growth as Sales Increases
9.2 Pfizer’s Zyvox Set to Reach Blockbuster Status
9.2.1 Zyvox Will Overtake Levaquin to Become the New Market Leader in the Antibacterials Sector
9.3 Targocid Shows Some Positive Growth - But Will it Continue?
9.4 Vancocin Will Exhibit Negative Growth
Chapter 10 An Analysis of Factors That Influence the Antibacterials Market
10.1 SWOT Analysis of the Antibacterials Market
10.2 Drivers and Restraints on Market Growth
10.2.1 Market Drivers
10.2.2 Market Restraints
10.3 To What Extent is the Antibacterials Market Threatened by Generic Substitutes?
10.3.1 The Threat of Generic Drugs to Brand Name Pharmaceuticals
10.4 Lifecycle Management Strategies Will Become More Prominent to Protect Soon-to-be off-Patent Drugs
10.5 Additional Indications for Currently Available Brands May be an Advantage
10.6 Antibacterial Resistance Is Due to Increased Infection Rates and Antibacterial Overuse
10.6.1 Concerns Over Antibacterial Use
10.6.2 FDA Measures on Bacterial Resistance
10.6.3 Tackling Antibacterial Resistance
10.6.4 The Use of Narrow Spectrum Antibacterials is the Best Strategy to Avoid Resistance
10.6.5 Antibiotics in the US Carry Warnings Against Overuse
10.7 Comparative Studies - A Two Edged Sword
10.8 Challenges that Face Antibacterials Pharmaceutical Developers
10.9 Future Antibacterial Blockbuster Drugs is Increasingly Unlikely
10.10 Antibacterials in the Developing Countries
10.11 The Future of the Antibacterials Market - Closing Comments
Chapter 11 Antibacterials Pipeline Products
11.1 Summary of Antibacterials Pipeline Products From Phase II and Above
11.2 The Antibacterials Pipeline is Large
11.3 The Potential of the Antibacterials Market Has Encouraged R&D
11.4 Innovation Rules For Early Stage Pipeline Drugs
11.5 The FDA Will Fast Track New Antibacterials
11.6 Traditional Antibacterial Drugs are Less Popular
11.7 Promising Pipeline Drugs - Overview
11.7.1 Middlebrook's Moxatag
11.7.2 Shogoo's SPK 0602
11.7.3 Pfizer's Zeven (dalbavancin)
11.7.4 Arpida's Iclaprim
11.7.5 Targanta's Oritavancin
11.8 Gracevit Gets Approval for Manufacturing and Marketing
11.9 New Approaches to Antibacterial Drug Development
11.10 Antibacterial Pipeline Shows Short- and Long-Term Potential
Chapter 12 Conclusion
12.1 Patent Expiry of Brand Name Products Will Reduce Growth Rates
12.2 Cephalosporins to Continue Their Domination of the Antibacterials Market Despite Negative Growth
12.3 Future Antibacterial Blockbuster Drugs are Increasingly Unlikely
12.4 Market Drivers
12.5 Market Restraints
12.6 Opportunities in the Antibacterials Market
12.7 Antibacterials Pipeline Overview
12.8 The Future of the Antibacterials Market - Closing Comments
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Top Ten Leading Antibacterials, by Revenues ($m), 2006
Table 2.1 Clinically Important Bacteria
Table 2.2 The Leading Antibacterials by Class, 2006
Table 2.3 Antibiotic Action by Drug Class
Table 3.1 World Revenues ($m) for the Leading Antibacterial Drugs, by Class, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 3.2 World Market Revenue ($m), 7-Year CAGR (%) and Market Share (%) for Antibacterial Drugs by Class, 2006 & 2013
Table 3.3 The Leading Top Ten Antibacterials, 2006
Table 4.1 World Revenues ($m) for Cephalosporin Drugs, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 4.2 World Market Revenue ($m), 7-Year CAGR (%) and Market Share (%) for Cephalosporin Drugs, 2006 & 2013
Table 5.1 World Revenues ($m) for Fluoroquinolones, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 5.2 World Market Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) and 7-Year CAGR (%) for Fluoroquinolones, 2006 & 2013
Table 6.1 World Revenues ($m) for Penicillins by Leading Products, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 6.2 World Market Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) and 7-Year CAGR (%) for Penicillins, 2006 & 2013
Table 7.1 World Revenues ($m) for Macrolides, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 7.2 World Market Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) and 7-Year CAGR (%) for Macrolides, 2006 & 2013
Table 8.1 World Revenues ($m) for Carbapenems, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 8.2 World Market Revenue ($m) and Market Share (%) and 7-Year CAGR (%) for Carbapenems, 2006 & 2013
Table 9.1 World Revenues ($m) for Miscellaneous Drugs, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 9.2 World Market Revenue ($m), 7-Year CAGR (%) and Market Share (%) for Miscellaneous Drugs, by Class, 2006 & 2013
Table 10.1 A SWOT Chart for the Antibacterials Market, 2008-2013
Table 11.1 Pipeline Drugs for Antibacterials, 2008
Table 12.1 World Revenues ($m) for the Leading Antibacterial Drugs, by Class, 2008-2013, 2018 & 2023
Table 12.2 Top Ten Antibacterial Drugs, by Revenue ($m), 2006
List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Revenues ($m) for the Leading Antibacterial Drugs, by Class, 2008-2013
Figure 3.2 Total Revenues ($m) for the Antibacterial Drugs Market, 2008-2013
Figure 3.3 World Market Share (%) for Antibacterial Drugs by Class, 2006
Figure 3.4 World Market Share (%) for Antibacterial Drugs by Class, 2013
Figure 3.5 The Leading Top Ten Antibacterials by Revenue ($m), 2006
Figure 4.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Cephalosporin Drugs, 2008-2013
Figure 4.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Cephalosporin Drugs by Leading Product, 2008-2013
Figure 4.3 World Market Share (%) for Cephalosporin Drugs by Leading Product, 2006
Figure 4.4 World Market Share (%) for Cephalosporin Drugs by Leading Product, 2013
Figure 4.5 World Omnicef Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 4.6 World Rocephin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 4.7 World Maxipime Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 5.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Fluoroquinolones, 2008-2013
Figure 5.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Fluoroquinolones by Leading Products, 2008-2013
Figure 5.3 World Market Share (%) for Fluoroquinolones by Products, 2006
Figure 5.4 World Market Share (%) for Fluoroquinolones by Products, 2013
Figure 5.5 World Levaquin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 5.6 World Avelox Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 5.7 World Ciproxin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 5.8 World Cravit Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 6.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Penicillins, 2008-2013
Figure 6.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Penicillins by Leading Product, 2008-2013
Figure 6.3 World Market Share (%) for Penicillins, 2006
Figure 6.4 World Market Share (%) for Penicillins, 2013
Figure 6.5 World Augmentin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 6.6 World Tazocin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 7.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Macrolides, 2008-2013
Figure 7.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Macrolides by Leading Product, 2008-2013
Figure 7.3 World Market Share (%) for Macrolides, 2006
Figure 7.4 World Market Share (%) for Macrolides, 2013
Figure 7.5 World Klacid Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 7.6 World Zithromax Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 7.7 World Azithromycin PFIZ Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 8.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Carbapenems, 2008-2013
Figure 8.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Carbapenems by Leading Product, 2008-2013
Figure 8.3 World Market Share (%) for Carbapenems, 2006
Figure 8.4 World Market Share (%) for Carbapenems, 2013
Figure 8.5 World Zienam Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 8.6 World Merrem Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 9.1 Total World Revenues ($m) for Miscellaneous Drugs, 2008-2013
Figure 9.2 World Revenues ($m) for the Miscellaneous Drugs by Leading Product, 2008-2013
Figure 9.3 World Market Share (%) for Miscellaneous Drugs by Leading Product, 2006
Figure 9.4 World Market Share (%) for Miscellaneous Drugs by Leading Product, 2013
Figure 9.5 World Zyvox Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 9.6 World Targocid Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 9.7 World Vancocin Revenues ($m), 2008-2013
Figure 12.1 Revenues ($m) for the Leading Antibacterial Drugs, by Class, 2008-2013