User Interface report: Enabling a compelling user experience

Executive Summary
 E.1:  Increasing Demand for Intuitive UI
 E.2:  Benefits of Intuitive UI
 E.3:  Simplifying the UI is Vital to win 3G Revenues
 E.4:  Intuitive UI is Essential to Reduce Revenue Leakage
 E.5:  Usability of the UI
 E.6:  Delivering a Holistic User Experience
 E.7: Market Forecasts and Conclusions

 1  Introduction
 Chart 1:  Worldwide Mobile Subscriber Growth Rate (2003-   2011)
 1.1   Defining Mobile UI
 1.1.1   UI and User Experience
 Figure 1:  Usability/User Experience with Moto Q
 1.1.2   Mobile UI and its Importance
 1.1.2.1   Marketing UI
 1.1.3   Interest in UI
 1.1.3.1   Competitive Advantage 
 1.1.3.2   ARPU
 1.1.3.2.1  3G
 1.1.3.3   Revenue Leakage
 1.1.3.4   Increasing Complexity of Mobile Devices
 1.1.3.4.1  Making Mobiles User Friendly
 1.1.3.5   Segmentation
 1.1.3.6   Success of DoCoMo
 1.1.3.7   Fragmentation
 1.2   Aim of this Report
 1.3   Key Questions Explored by this Report
 1.4   Scope of this Report
 1.4.1   Report Structure
 2.1  UI Overview
 2.1.1  UI in Computers
 2.1.1.1  Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
 2.1.1.2   Command-line Interface
 2.1.2   UI in Mobiles
 Figure 2:  Example of display of Icons and Menu on Screens of Mobile Devices
 Figure 3:  Handset's Software Components
 2.1.2.1   Basic Criterion for Effective UI  Software
 2.1.2.1.1  Internal Consistency
 2.1.2.1.2  External Consistency
 2.1.3   What Makes a Good Interface?
 2.1.4   Elements that Play a Critical Role in Delivering User Experience 
 2.1.4.1   Limited Bandwidth
 2.1.4.2   Intermittent Connection
 2.1.4.3   Limited Battery Life
 2.1.4.4  Limited Memory on Client Device
 2.1.4.5   Limited CPU
 2.1.4.6   Limited Form Factor
 2.2   Components that Increase the Usability of a UI   
 Table 1:  Key Handset Components that Contribute towards User Experience
 2.2.1  Input Options
 2.2.1.1   Numeric keypad
 2.2.1.1.1  Fastap
 Figure 4:  Fastap Keypad
 2.2.1.2   QWERTY Keypads
 Chart 2:  Sales of QWERTY Keypads based Smartphones and Mobile Phones (2005-2011)
 2.2.1.3   Alphanumeric Keypads
 2.2.1.4   Foldable Keyboards
 2.2.1.5   Some other Input Options
 2.2.1.5.1  Jog Dial  
 Figure 5:  Sony Ericsson P910i
 2.2.1.5.2  Touch Screen
 2.2.1.5.3  Predictive Text Input
 Figure 6:  Predictive Text Input
 2.2.1.5.4  Handwriting Recognition
 2.2.1.5.5  Voice Input
 2.2.1.5.6 Hard and Soft Keys
 2.2.1.5.6.1 Button Options on Mobile Devices
 2.2.1.6   Navigation Issues
 2.2.2   Output Options
 2.2.2.1   Key Characteristics of Output Devices
 2.2.2.1.1  Screen Size
 2.2.2.1.2  Resolution
 2.2.2.1.3  Colour Display
 2.2.2.2  Types of Output Devices in Use in Mobile Handsets
 2.2.2.1   Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
 2.2.2.1.1  Colour-STN (C-STN) and TFT Screens
 2.2.2.1.2  Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs).
 2.2.2.1.3  Support for Audio and Video
 2.2.3   Operating Systems (OS)
 Figure 7:  Mobile Software
 2.2.3.1   Impact of OS on UI
 2.2.3.2   Key OS Available on the Market 
 2.2.3.2.1  Symbian OS
 2.2.3.2.1.1 Impact of Symbian OS on the UI
 2.2.3.2.2  Palm OS
 2.2.3.2.3  Microsoft
 2.2.3.2.3.1 UI Customisation with Windows Mobile 5.0
 2.2.3.2.4  SavaJe
 2.2.3.2.4.1 Impact of SavaJe on UI
 2.2.3.2.5  Linux
 2.2.3.2.5.1 UI Efforts for Linux OS
 2.2.3.3   OS Comparison
 Table 2:  Comparison between the Operating Systems and their Support for UI
 2.2.4   Features of a Handset
 2.2.4.1   Battery life
 2.2.4.2   Memory
 2.2.4.3   CPU
 2.2.4.4   Ergonomics
 2.3   Deciding on a UI Technology
 2.3.1  Customer Segments
 2.3.1.1   Novice
 2.3.1.2   Advanced
 2.3.1.3   Corporate Users
 2.3.2   Profiling
 2.3.3   Perceived Latency
 

 3  Players in the UI Market
 3.1   UI Market Place
 Figure 8:  Players in the UI Domain
 Figure 9:  UI Value Chain Relationship: Value Proposition to Customers
 3.2  UI Vendors
 3.2.1   Qualcomm
 3.2.1.1   Uione Technology
 3.2.1.1.1  Qualcomm Acquires Trigenix
 3.2.1.1.2  Features of UiOne
 3.2.1.1.3  Key Customers of Uione
 3.2.2   UIQ Technology
 3.2.2.1   UIQ Software Platform
 Table 3:  UIQ Handsets (January 2006)
 3.2.3   Macromedia
 3.2.3.1   Success of Flash
 3.2.3.2   Macromedia's Strategy
 3.2.3.2.1  Acquisition of Mobile Innovation
 3.2.3.3   Licensing Agreement with Nokia
 3.2.4   SurfKitchen
 3.2.5   Opera
 Figure 10:  Opera Mobile
 3.2.6   Digital Airways
 3.2.6.1   Kaleido
 3.2.6.1.1  Kaleido Design
 3.2.6.1.2  Kaleido Viewer
 3.2.6.1.3  Kaleido Runtime
 3.2.6.2   Digital Airways and Red Bend Collaboration
 3.2.7   MSX
 3.3   Network Operators
 3.4   Device Manufacturers
 3.4.1   Nokia
 3.4.1.1   Series 30 UI
 3.4.1.2   Series 40 UI
 3.4.1.3   Series 60 UI
 Figure 11:  Nokia's 6630 Series 60 Smartphone
 Table 4:  Licencees of S60 Platform
 Chart 3:  Worldwide Converged Devices (Q3 2005 Market Share)
 3.4.1.4   Series 80 UI
 3.4.1.5   Series 90 UI
 Figure 12:  Series 90 UI
 3.4.2   Motorola
 3.4.2.1   UI for Java/Linux Environment
 3.4.2.2   The A910's UI
 3.4.3   Samsung
 3.5   Application Developers
 3.5.1   Logia
 3.5.2   mPortal
 3.5.3   Action Engine
 3.5.4   Abaxia
 3.5.5   Cibenix
 3.6   Browser Developers
 3.6.1   Openwave
 3.6.2   Jataayu Software
 3.7   Content and its role in User Experience
 3.7.1   User Experience in Content Search
 Figure 13:  Device and Browser/Site Usability
 3.7.2   JumpTap
 3.7.3   Handmark
 3.7.4   OnSkreen
 3.8   Simplifying the UI
 3.8.1   Developments in Input Devices
 3.8.1.1   Microsoft and Quikwriting
 3.8.1.2   IBM and ShapeWriter
 3.8.1.3   QWERTY keyboard
 3.8.1.3.1  Eatoni
 3.8.1.4   Advanced Recognition Technologies (ART)
 3.8.1.5   Nuance
 3.8.1.6   Zi Corporation
 3.8.1.6.1  Qix Interface
 3.8.1.7   Wildseed's SmartSkins
 3.8.1.8   AOL and Mozilla
 3.8.1.9   Tegic Communications
 3.8.1.10  Sonaptic
 3.8.1.11  Samsung and Motion Recognition Technology
 3.8.1.12  n-e-ware
 Figure 14:  n-e-ware KeyStick
 3.8.2   New Developments in Output Devices
 3.8.2.1   Philips Electronics
 3.8.2.2   Sony
 3.8.2.3   Samsung Developing Display Screens
 3.8.2.4   DoCoMo and Plastic Logic
 3.8.2.5   Vibration Technology
 3.8.2.5.1  Orange launches Samsung E770 with Vibetonz
 3.8.2.6   Virgin Mobile Trialling KI-BI CARDS
 3.8.2.7   NEC
 3.8.3   Efforts in the Direction of Producing Devices that can Deliver Rich User
 3.8.3.1   Palm and Microsoft based Treo
 3.8.3.2   Opera Software and France Telecom
 3.8.4   Software Client Applications on Mobile  Devices
 3.8.4.1   SurfKitchen's Surfkit Offline Portal
 3.8.4.2   Store-fronts
 3.8.4.2.1 iLoop
 3.8.4.3   Home-Screen Replacement Products
 3.9   Chip Manufacturers
 3.10   New Developments in Battery Technology

 4  Requirements and Forecasts for Intuitive UI
 4.1   Changing Demands
 4.1.1   Multi Functional or Specialised Devices
 4.1.2   Shifting Focus from Operators to Customers
 4.1.3   Multitasking
 4.1.4   End User Perspective
 Table 5:  Requirement for a Mobile UI
 4.2   Requirements for Designing Intuitive UI
 4.2.1   Input Solutions
 Chart 4:  Market Share for Input Solutions (2011)
 Table 6:  Key Characteristics of a Superior UI Solution (Input Devices)
 Table 7:  Most Widely Used Input UI Solutions (2006-2011)
 Table 8:  Limitations of Input UI Solutions
 4.2.2   Output UI Solutions
 Table 9:  Key Characteristics of a Superior UI Solution (Output Devices)
 Table 10:  Most Widely Used Output UI Solutions (2006-2011)
 Chart 5:  3D Display Market Growth (2007-2011)
 Chart 6:  Demand for OLEDs in Mobile and Other Devices (2011)
  4.2.3   OS Solutions
 Table11:  Issues with Ubiquitous Adoption of Open OS
 Chart 7:  Worldwide Open OS Market Share (Q1 2005)
 Chart 8:  Smartphone Shipment as a Percentage of Total Handset Shipment
 Table 12:  Key Characteristics of a Superior OS Solution
 4.2.4   Requirements from Processors
 Table 13:  Key Characteristics of a Superior Processor for Mobile Devices
 4.2.5   UI in Applications
 4.2.6   Battery Characteristics
 Table 14:  Battery Characteristics
 4.3   Business Case for UI
 4.3.1   Declining ARPU
 Chart 9:  Monthly UK ARPU (2001-2005)
 Chart 10:  Worldwide Data Revenue Growth (2005-2011)
 Chart 11:  Worldwide Average Data ARPU in USD (2003-2011)
 Chart 12:  Data User Growth in Asia Pacific (2004-2011)
 4.3.2   Device Proliferation
 Chart 13:  Global Handset Shipments (2003-2011)
 Chart 14:  Annual Camera Phone Shipments (2003-2011)
 4.3.3   Opportunity to Increase Data Revenue from Killer Applications
 Chart 15:  Revenues from Voice/Data Services (2011)
 Chart 16:  Percentage Revenue Generation by Application  Type (2011)
 4.3.3.1   Why have Data Services not been so Popular in the West so far?
 Table 15:  Reasons for Slow Pickup of Data Services
 4.3.4   Push From 3G
 Chart 17:  W-CDMA Subscriber Growth Estimates (2002-2011)
 4.4   UI Trends and Forecasts
 4.4.1   Handset Size and Cost
 Chart 18:  Average Selling Price of Mobile Handsets (2004-2011)
 Table 16:  Mobile Device Comparison
 4.4.2   Bill of Material (BOM)
 4.4.3   Revenue Leakage
 Chart 19:  Revenue Leakage (2006) due to Complicated UI
 4.4.4   Regional Variations in UI
 Chart 20:  3G Penetration in Selected Markets
 Chart 21  Wireless Penetration in Emerging Markets
 4.4.4.1   Data Services in Emerging Markets
 Chart 22:  Estimated Subscriber Growth in India (2003-2011)
 Chart 23:  Spending in Asia Pacific by Youth on Data Services (2004-2011)
 4.4.5   Growth of "Off-line Portals" a Boost to  Data Services
 Chart 24:  Growth of Portal Market (2005-2011)
 4.5   UI Demand Statistics
 Chart 25:  Opera's Browser Market Share in Smartphones (2005-2011)
 Chart 26:  Nokia's UI Platforms (Series 40 and above) Market Share (2005-2011)
 Chart 27:  Nokia's Series 60 Handset Shipment (2003-2011)

 5  Standards in UI
 5.1   Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP)
 Table 17:  OMTP Members
 5.2   Linux Phone Standards Forum (LiPS)
 Table 18:  LiPS Members
 5.3   Mobile Service Architecture (MSA)
 5.4   Competing and Competitor Technologies in UI
 5.4.1   Brew UiOne
 Chart 28:  Global Growth of Brew Handsets (2004-2011)
 5.4.2   Java
 Chart 29:  Java Handset Growth (2003-2010)
 Chart 30:  Revenues from Java (2003-2011)
 5.4.2.1   Java's UI Component
 5.4.2.2   Java Vs Brew
 5.4.3   Flash Lite
 Figure 15:  Example of Handset Supporting Flash UI (Kyocera W21K)
 5.4.3.1   Features of Flash Lite
 5.4.3.1.1  Cross Platform Capability
 5.4.3.1.2  Modularity
 5.4.3.1.3  Merging Diverse Handset Functionality
 5.4.3.2   Flash Lite and associated Issues
 5.4.3.2.1  Suitability with Low-end Handsets
 5.4.3.2.2  High Processor Speed
 5.5  UiOne and Flash
 Chart 31:  Flash Lite Handset Shipment (2004-2011)
 Chart 32:  UiOne Handset Shipment (2004-2011)
 5.6  Standard’s Conclusion
 Table 19:  UI Technology Comparison

 
 6  Key Players and their strategies in the UI Market
 6.1   Network Operators
 6.1.1   Attention to UI Requirements
 6.1.2   Consistency
 6.1.3   Customisation
 6.1.4   Mobile Demo
 6.2   Handset Vendors
 6.2.1   Easy Implementation and Maintenance
 6.2.2   UI Adds Value to the Handset
 6.2.3   Smart Solution
 6.2.4   Over-The-Air Updating
 Table 20:  UI Strategies for Operators and Device Manufacturers
 6.3   Case Studies
 6.3.1   NTT DoCoMo
 6.3.1.1   i-mode
 6.3.1.1.1  Why has i-mode been so successful?
 Table 21:  Reasons for the Success of i-mode
 6.3.1.1.1.1  Clear Business Model
 6.3.1.1.1.2  Intuitive UI
 6.3.1.1.1.3  DoCoMo and Flash Lite
 6.3.2   Vodafone Live!
 6.3.3   O2
 6.3.3.1   O2 Investing in Improving UI
 6.3.4   Cingular Wireless
 6.4   Application Developers
 6.4.1   Strategies for Application Developers
 6.5   Strategies for UI Vendors
 6.5.1   Vendor Case Studies
 6.5.1.1  Digit Wireless
 6.5.1.1.1  Partnerships
 6.5.1.1.2  Potential UI Solution for IM Services
 6.5.1.1.3  ROI
 6.5.1.1.4  Mass Market Solution
 6.6   Understanding End User Requirements
 Figure 16:  Handset Usability Analysis
 6.7   Pressing Needs for Efficient and Effective UI in Today's applications
 Table 22:  Applications that Require Intuitive UI for Growth
 6.7.1   Email
 Chart 33:  Revenues Growth Prospects with Corporate Email       and Information Management
 6.7.2   SMS and MMS
 6.7.3   Mobile TV
 6.7.4   Mobile Internet

 7  Conclusion
 7.1   Different Form Factors
 7.2   Quality of Input/output devices
 7.3  Simple and Easy to Use
 7.4   Need for Coordinated Efforts
 7.5   Benefits of Intuitive UI to the Players in  the Wireless Value Chain
 Table 23: Strategy of Intuitive UI, its Benefits and Outcome for Key Players